![]() The system is arranged so that a small ("primary") turbocharger is active while the engine is operating at low RPM, which reduces the boost threshold (RPM at which effective boost is provided) and turbo lag. Therefore, sequential turbocharger systems provide a way to decrease turbo lag without compromising power output at high RPM. On the other hand, smaller turbos are effective at low RPM (when there is less kinetic energy present in the exhaust gases) but are unable to provide the quantity of compressed intake gases required at higher RPM. This system is intended to overcome the limitation of large turbochargers providing insufficient boost at low RPM. Sequential turbocharging refer to a set-up in which the engine uses one turbocharger for lower engine speeds, and a second or both turbochargers at higher engine speeds. In diesel powered applications, notable examples are Volkswagen's V10 TDI which uses two BorgWarner turbochargers in a parallel layout and BMW's inline 6 B57 engine (B57D30O0, B57D30T0, B57D30S0), which is available in configurations of up to 4 turbochargers that operate in a double-series layout. The 2005-2015 Bugatti Veyron uses four turbochargers on its W16 engine. One example is the 1991-1995 Bugatti EB110, which uses four turbochargers on its V12 engine. Parallel configurations have also been used on engines with more than two turbochargers. The Biturbo used a 90-degree SOHC V6 engine with one turbocharger per cylinder bank. The 1981-1994 Maserati Biturbo was the first production car to use twin-turbochargers. V engines and flat engines) use of parallel twin-turbos can also simplify the exhaust system. On engines with multiple cylinder banks (e.g. The aim of using parallel twin-turbos is to reduce turbo lag by being able to use smaller turbochargers than if a single turbocharger was used for the engine. For four-cylinder engines and straight-six engines, both turbochargers can be mounted to a single exhaust manifold. In this case, each turbocharger is fed exhaust gases by a separate exhaust manifold. Parallel configurations are well suited to V6 and V8 engines since each turbocharger can be assigned to one cylinder bank, reducing the amount of exhaust piping needed. Some designs combine the intake charge from each turbocharger into a single intake manifold, while others use a separate intake manifold for each turbocharger. Porsche 935 flat-six engine with parallel twin-turbosĪ parallel configuration refers to using two equally-sized turbochargers which each receive half of the exhaust gases. These can be applied to any of the five types of compressor setups (which theoretically could have 15 different setups):Ĭhevrolet big-block V8 engine with parallel twin-turbos ![]() There are three types of turbine setups used for twin-turbo setups: ![]()
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